ICD-10 ADHD: Classification, Symptoms, and Treatment

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What is ICD-10 ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is classified under the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) by the World Health Organization (WHO). In ICD-10, ADHD is categorized under F90 – Hyperkinetic Disorders, which includes symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity affecting daily life.

ICD-10 Classification of ADHD

According to ICD-10, ADHD is primarily classified as:

• F90.0 Disturbance of Activity and Attention – The most common form, characterized by excessive restlessness and difficulty focusing.

• F90.1 Hyperkinetic Conduct Disorder – ADHD symptoms combined with conduct disorders such as aggression and defiance.

• F90.8 Other Hyperkinetic Disorders – Atypical presentations of ADHD symptoms.

• F90.9 Hyperkinetic Disorder, Unspecified – Cases that meet ADHD criteria but do not fit other specific subcategories.

Symptoms of ADHD Based on ICD-10

ADHD symptoms are divided into three primary categories:

1. Inattention

• Difficulty sustaining focus on tasks or activities

• Frequent careless mistakes in school or work

• Struggling with organization and time management

• Easily distracted by external stimuli

2. Hyperactivity

• Excessive fidgeting, tapping, or restlessness

• Inability to remain seated for extended periods

• Talking excessively and difficulty engaging in quiet activities

• Constant movement without clear purpose

3. Impulsivity

• Acting without considering consequences

• Interrupting conversations and activities

• Struggling with patience and turn-taking

• Difficulty following instructions

Diagnosing ADHD Using ICD-10 Criteria

A diagnosis of ADHD requires a thorough assessment, including:

• Clinical observations and behavioral evaluations

• Input from parents, teachers, and caregivers

• Standardized ADHD rating scales aligned with ICD-10

• Ruling out other medical or psychological conditions

Treatment Approaches for ADHD

Effective ADHD management involves a combination of therapies, including:

1. Behavioral Therapy

• Developing coping strategies to improve focus and impulse control

• Parent and teacher training for structured support

• Social skills training to enhance peer interactions

2. Educational Support

• Individualized learning plans and academic accommodations

• Classroom modifications to reduce distractions

• Time management and organizational training

3. Medication Management

• Stimulant medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamines

• Non-stimulant medications for alternative treatment approaches

• Regular monitoring by healthcare professionals for dosage adjustments

Living with ADHD: Strategies for Success

Managing ADHD effectively requires:

• Establishing daily routines and structure

• Breaking tasks into smaller, manageable steps

• Engaging in physical activities to channel energy productively

• Seeking professional support and ADHD-friendly environments

Conclusion

Understanding ADHD through the ICD-10 classification helps in early diagnosis and effective management. With the right combination of therapy, education, and support, individuals with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms, consult a healthcare professional for proper assessment and guidance.